Pharmaceutical composition containing a derivative of para-aminobenzoic acid as an active ingredient

ABSTRACT

Disclosed is a pharmaceutical composition containing an aminobenzoic acid derivative as an active ingredient represented by the following general formula: ##STR1## wherein  1  R denotes one member selected from the group consisting of the residual groups formed by removing OH at 1(alpha) or 1(beta) position from arabinose, glucose, galactose and mannose, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a division of application Ser. No. 81,190 filed Oct. 2, 1979 now U.S. Pat. No. 4,322,408 which in turn is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 24,095 filed Mar. 26, 1979, now abandoned.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a phermaceutical composition having a blood sugar reducing activity, a blood pressure reducing activity, a blood lipid reducing activity, an anti-inflammatory activity, a central nerve suppressing activity and an antitumor activity and containing an aminobenzoic acid derivative as an active ingredient represented by the following general formula: ##STR2## wherein ¹ R denotes one member selected from the group consisting of the residual groups formed by removing OH at 1(alpha) or 1(beta) position from arabinose, glucose, galactose and mannose, or a phermaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

The inventors of the present invention, during the course of searching chemical compounds having antitumor activity, have found that chemical compounds respresented by the above-mentioned formula (1) have respectively a number of physiological activities such as blood sugar-reducing activity, antihypertensive activity, blood lipid-reducing activity, antiinflammatory activity and central nerve-depressing activity in addition to its antitumor activity.

Although the above-mentioned aminobenzoic acid derivatives are known compounds, no report has been found on the physiological activity of the compounds.

Inoue, et al. "N-glycosides. XVIII. Synthesis of the N-glycosides of p-aminobenzoic acid and its ethyl ester." Chemical Abstracts, Vol 48 (1954) Column 2001 c., Inoue, et al. "N-glycosides. XXV. The paper chromatography of N-glycosides", Chemical Abstracts, Vol 48 (1954) Column 2003 a. and Inoue, et al. "N-glycosides. XXVI. The formation of aromatic N-glycosides under mild conditions." Chemical Abstracts, Vol 48 (1954) Column 2003 e. disclose the chemical syntheses of N-glycosides of p-aminobenzoic acid and their esters. However, there is no utility disclosed in this prior arts and no teaching of phermaceutical "dosage unit forms".

Furthermore, although U.S. Pat. No. 2659689 discloses a p-aldimino benzoic ester and a composition for protecting the human skin from erythema producing rals, the composition comprising a solution of p-aldimino benzoic ester, there is no teaching of phermaceutical "dosage unit forms".

Accordingly, the present invention has the object of providing a phermaceutical composition having effectiveness in antitumour activity, blood sugar-reducing activity, antihypertensive activity, blood lipid-reducing activity, antiinflammatory activity and central nerve-depressing activity, based on the discovery of the new medical use of the chemical compounds represented by the above-mentioned formula (1).

The present invention will be explained in detail in the followings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

The annexed FIGS. 1-8 show respectively the infrared absorption spectra of respective compounds No. 1-No. 8 in Table 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The active ingredient of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is a compound represented by the following formula: ##STR3## wherein ¹ R is as described above, or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt selected from the group consisting of its Na-, K-, 1/2Mg-, 1/2Ca- and 1/3Al-salts. The sugar moiety of the active ingredient has a structure of six membered heterocyclic ring.

The method of preparation of the active ingredient of the present invention is illustrated as follows:

A mixture of 4.5 to 5 g of p-aminobenzoic acid, 5-6 g of a mono saccharide (L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-glucose, D-galactose, L-rhamnose or D-mannose) and 0.1 to 0.5 g of ammonium chloride (formic acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, or magnesium chloride) was heated in 40 to 90 ml of 95 to 100% ethanol or pure methanol under a reflux condenser to induce condensation. After the reaction is over, the reactant is left at room temeprature or in a cool place and the crystals separated out are collected by filtering the reactant solution. These crystals are washed with water, ethanol or ethyl ether, and then recrystallized from methanol, ethanol or an aqueous solution of methanol or ethanol.

In order to substitute the hydrogen atom of the carboxyl group of the thus prepared compound with a base, it is preferable to follow the known method. The compound, para-aminobenzoic acid-N-pyranoside, is dissolved in an aqueous ethanolic solution and an inorganic salt is added to the solution to effect the substitution.

The physical properties of the compounds (the active ingredient of the phermaceutical composition of the present invention) prepared by the above-mentioned methods are shown in Table 1, and their infrared absorption spectra are respectively shown in FIGS. 1 to 13. Methods of determination of the physical properties are as follows:

                                      TABLE 1     __________________________________________________________________________     Physical Properties of the Active Ingredients                                                    Ultraviolet                                    Specific                                            Elementary                                                    absorption                           Melting point                                    rotation                                            analysis (%)                                                    Maximum     Compound              (°C.)                                    (α).sub.D.sup.20                                            C:H:N   (millimicron)     __________________________________________________________________________     1. p-Aminobenzoic acid-N--L-arabinoside                           136-158  -4      53.3:5.7:5.2                                                     29                                    in 95% ethanol                                             (53.5:5.6:5.2)*     2. Sodium p-aminobenzoate-N--L-arabinoside                           163-173 (decomp.)                                    -41     50.0:4.2:4.7                                                    274                                    in water                                            (49.8:4.2:4.8)     3. p-Aminobenzoic acid-N--D-glucoside                           132 (decomp.)                                    -68.6   49.5:5.8:4.6                                                    288                                    in 94% ethanol                                            (49.2:6.0:4.4)     4. Sodium p-aminobenzoate-N--D-glucoside                           145-160  -55     45.8:5.2:4.3                                                    274                                    in water                                            (46.0:5.3:4.1)     5. p-Aminobenzoic acid-N--D-galactoside                           154-156  -110 (16° C.)                                            49.0:6.3:4.5                                                    289                                    in 94% ethanol                                            (49.2:6.0:4.4)     6. Sodium p-aminobenzoate-N--D-galactoside                           150-162  +10     46.0:5.6:4.1                                                    275                                    in water                                            (46.0:5.3:4.1)     7. p-Aminobenzoic acid-N--D-mannoside                           182 (decomp.)                                    +35.7   52.0:5.7:4.7                                                    290                                    in 94% ethanol                                            (52.5:5.7:4.7)     8. Sodium p-aminobenzoate-N--D-mannoside                           185-196 (decomp.)                                    -2      46.1:5.5:4.0                                                    274                                    in water                                            (46.0:5.3:4.1)     __________________________________________________________________________      Note:      (: : ): theoretical values of C, H and N (%).

(1) Melting point: determined by the use of micro melting point determination apparatus made by Yanagimoto Works, Japan.

(2) Specific rotation: determined by using direct-reading polarimeter Model OR-50 made by Yanagimoto Works, Japan, with a thickness of 50 mm of an aqueous ethanolic solution of the acidic active ingredient and an aqueous solution of the sodium salt of the acidic active ingredient.

(3) Molecular compositon: Elementary analysis was carried out by using OHN-Coder Model MT-2 made by Yanagimoto Works, Japan.

(4) Ultraviolet absorption spectrum: by using self-recording spectrophotometer Model PS-3T made by Hitachi Works, Japan, on an aqueous ethanolic solution of the acidic active ingredient and on an aqueous solution of the sodium salt of the acidic active ingredient of the medicine,

(5) Infrared absorption spectrum: determined by KBr-method using infrared absorption spectrometer Model DS-701G made by Nippon Bunko Co., Ltd., Japan. The chart number of the spectrogram coincides with the number of specimens of the active ingredient of the phermaceutical composition.

The followings are the physiological properties of the active ingredient of the phermaceutical composition of the present invention described in the order of (1) acute toxicity, (2) antimicrobial activity, (3) mutagenicity, (4) delayed-type intracutaneous reaction and (5) antibody-producing activity.

(1) Acute toxicity:

Acute toxicity of the active ingredient was examined by respective intraperitoneal and oral (forcible) administration to ICR-JCL mice. The specimen was dissolved in the physiological saline solution in intraperitoneal administration, and dissolved in distilled water in oral administration.

Their symptoms were observed after administration until the 7th day of administration, and LD₅₀ of the specimen was obtained from the mortality accumulated to the 7th day, according to the graphic method of Litchfield-Wilcoxon. The results are shown in Table 2. As is seen in Table 2, all of the active ingredients are qualified to be highly safe active ingredients of the phermaceutical composition.

                  TABLE 2     ______________________________________     Acute toxicity of the active ingredients (LD.sub.50 in g/kg)                     Route of    administration     Compound        intraperitoneal                                 oral     ______________________________________     Sodium p-aminobenzoate-                     10.22       10.80     N--L-arabinoside     Sodium p-aminobenzoate-                     >15.00      >15.00     N--D-glucoside     Sodium p-aminobenzoate-                     12.0        14.55     N--D-galactoside     Sodium p-aminobenzoate-                     >10.00      >10.00     N--D-mannoside     ______________________________________

(2) Antimicrobial activity

The active ingredient was dissolved in distilled water at a series of two fold dilution system. These diluted solutions were mixed with agar medium in 9 times by volume, and the mixture was poured into a petri dish. Heart infusion agar medium was used for bacteria, and Sabouraud's agar medium was used for fungi. After streaking with the pre-culture, the inoculated plates were incubated at 37° C. for 20 to 24 hours for bacteria and at 25° C. for 3 to 7 days for fungi, and then the growth was examined. The following microorganisms were used for assessing the antimicrobial activity:

Pseudomonas aeruginosa IAM 1514

Escherchia coli IFO 12734

Staphylococcus aureus 209 P

Bacillus subtilis IAM 1069

Sascharomyces cerevisiame IAM 4207

Candida albicans ATCC 752

Trichophyton mentagrophytes IFO 6124

Aspergillus niger IAM 3001

As the result of the above-mentioned tests, it was found that none of the tested active ingredients showed growth inhibition of all the microorganisms at a concentration of 1 mg/ml.

(3) Mutagenicity

As the first stage, the active ingredients were tested by rec-assay (I), and as the second stage, they were tested by reversion assay (ii).

(i) A strain of Bacillus subtilis M 45, a defectant of recombination repair, and another strain of Bacillus subtilis H 17 keeping recombination repair activity were inoculated to make thin own streaks not crossed at the start on B-2 agar culture plate (made by dissolving 10 g of meat extract, 10 g of polypeptone, 5 g of sodium chloride and 15 g of agar in 1000 ml of distilled water at a pH of 7.0).

Then, a circular sheet of filter paper 8 mm in diameter, which absorbed 0.04 ml of an aqueous solution of the active ingredient (using sterilized water) was put on the surface of the agar plate so as to cover the starting point of the above-mentioned streaks of bacterial culture. The inoculated B-2 agar culture was kept at 37° C. for a night and the length of growth-inhibited region was measured. Kanamycin was used as the negative control and Mitomycin C was used as the positive control. The results of the rec-assay are shown in Table 3.

(ii) The strains TA 98 and TA 100 (both are histidine requiring) of Salmonella typhimurium were used in the reversion assay.

Into 2 ml of a soft agar culture medium (the medium itself contains 6 g of sodium chloride and 6 g of agar in 1000 ml of distilled water) to which one tenth by volume of an aqueous solution of 0.5 mM of biotin and 0.5 mM of histidine, 0.1 ml of the bacterial suspension and 0.1 ml of an aqueous solution of the active ingredient were admixed and the mixture was layered on the minimum agar culture medium. After 2 days of incubation at 37° C., the number of revertant colonies was counted. Furylfuramide (AF-2) was used as the positive control. The results of the reversion assay are shown in Table 4.

As is seen in Table 3, the active ingredients showed no mutagenicity even at a high concentration of 5000 microgram/disk. And as is seen in Table 4, the rate of occurrence of mutation by the active ingredient of the phermaceutical composition of the present invention did not show any difference from that in the control to which no substance was added, even at a high concentration of 5000 microgram/plate. These findings demonstrate that the active ingredient is safe in view of mutagenicity.

                                      TABLE 3     __________________________________________________________________________     Result of rec-assay                                  Length of growth-inhibition                                      zone                          Concentration                                  M 45                                      H 17                                          *difference     Compound             (μg/plate)                                  (mm)                                      (mm)                                          (mm)     __________________________________________________________________________     Sodium p-aminobenzoate-N--L-arabinoside                           500    0   0   0                          5000    0   0   0     Sodium p-aminobenzoate-N--D-glucoside                           500    0   0   0                          5000    0   0   0     Sodium p-aminobenzoate-N--D-galactoside                           500    0   0   0                          5000    0   0   0     Sodium p-aminobenzoate-N--D-mannoside                           500    0   0   0                          5000    0   0   0     Kanamycin             10     5   4   1     Mitomycin C          0.05    12  2   10     __________________________________________________________________________      Note:      *difference  length of inhibition zone of M 45 minus length of inhibition      zone of H 17

                  TABLE 4     ______________________________________     Results of reversion assay Test                           Number of revertant                 Concentration                           colonies (n/plate)     Compound      (μg/plate)                               TA 100    TA 98     ______________________________________     Sodium p-aminobenzoate-                   5000         51       3     N--L-arabinoside     Sodium p-aminobenzoate-                   5000        104       11     N--D-glucoside     Sodium p-aminobenzoate-                   5000         51       7     N--D-galactoside     Sodium p-aminobenzoate-                   5000        138       5     N--D-mannoside     Furylfuramide 0.1         911       167     Control (nothing added)                   --          149       13     ______________________________________

(4) Delayed-type intracutaneous reaction

In order to know the effects of the active ingredients on cellular immunity, the foot pad reaction test was carried out using ICR-JCL mice as exprimental animals and erythrocytes of sheep as an antigen.

A mouse was primary-sensitized by injecting 0.2 ml of 10% suspension of sheep erythrocytes in physiological saline solution from the caudal vein and after 7 days of the first sensitization, 0.05 ml of 40% suspension of sheep's erythrocytes in physiological saline solution was injected in the foot pad for the second sensitization. The thickness of the foot pad was determined on the next day. The administration of the active ingredient of the phermaceutical composition of the present invention was carried out at the dosage of 250 mg/kg/day once a day for consecutive 5 days centering around the day when the first sensitization was carried out.

As the result, the increment of the thickness of the foot pad of the mouse administered with the active ingredient showed no significant difference as compared to the increment in the group of mouse not administered with the active ingredient.

(5) Antibody-producing activity

In order to know the effects of the active ingredients on humoral immunity, the hemagglutination test was carried out using ICR-JCL mice sensitized with sheep erythrocytes.

A mouse was sensitized by injecting 0.2 ml of 10% suspension of sheep erythrocytes in physiological saline solution from the caudal vein and after 7 days of sensitization the mouse blood was sampled for the hemagglutination test of determination of the antibody-producing activity. The active ingredient was administered for consecutive 5 days centering around the day of sensitization, intraperitoneally at the dosage of 250 mg/kg/day.

As the result, there was no significant difference in aggultination titer between the group administered with the active ingredient and the control group.

The followings are the pharmacological properties of the active ingredients of the phermaceutical composition of the present invention described in the order of (1) blood sugar-reducing activity, (2) antihypertensive activity, (3) antitumour activity, (4) analgetic activity, (5) antipyretic activity, (6) antiinflammatory activity, and (7) blood lipid reducing activity.

(1) Blood sugar reducing activity

Streptozotocin was administered intraperitoneally to a group of Wistar rats at a dosage of 60 mg/kg and after confirming the positivity of urinary sugar of the animals on the 8th day, regular insulin was further administered to the rats to reduce both the uninary sugar and the blood sugar. Out of thus treated animals, those which certainly showed a higher urinary sugar value and also a higher blood sugar value (mean value of 500 mg/dl) after a few days of insulin-administration were used as the model animals suffering from artificial diabetes mellitus. The active ingredient was administered to the model animals orally as a solution in distilled water at the respective dosages of 30 and 300 mg/kg. Blood specimens were collected after 3 and 6 hours of the administration, and the determination of glucose in the specimen was carried out by using a RaBA-kit (made by Chugia Pharmaceutical Co., Japan) according to the enzyme method.

The results are shown in Table 5. As is seen in Table 5, the difference between the values of blood sugar before and after the administration of every active ingredient (Δvalue) was larger than the Δ value of control which were given only distilled water.

                  TABLE 5     ______________________________________     Blood sugar-reducing activity                             Change (Δ                             value, mg/dl) of                      Dose   blood sugar after     Compound           (mg/kg)  3 hr.    6 hr.     ______________________________________     Sodium p-aminobenzoate-N--L-                         30      -88      -181     arabinoside        300      -108     -82     Sodium p-aminobenzoate-N--D-                         30      -68      -45     glucoside          300      -80      -50     Sodium p-aminobenzoate-N--D-                         30      -76      -62     galactoside        300      -91      -45     Sodium p-aminobenzoate-N--D-                         30      -160     -118     mannoside          300      -190     -146     Control            --       -36      -39     ______________________________________

(2) Antihypertensive activity

An aqueous solution of the active ingredient in distilled water was orally administered to rats of spontaneous hypertension at respective dosages of 30 and 300 mg/kg and their blood pressure was determined after 3 and 6 hours of administration by a sphygmomanometer (made by Ueda Works, Japan, Model USM-105R). The difference in blood pressures before and after the administration was used to evaluate the antihypertensive activity of the active ingredients. Mean value of blood pressure of the above-mentioned rats in spontaneous hypertension was 200 mmHg.

The results are shown in Table 6. As is seen in Table 6, all the tested active ingredients clearly showed the antihypertensive effect.

                  TABLE 6     ______________________________________     Antihypertensive Activity                          Reduced amount of                          blood pressure after                    Dose rate                            3 hr.    6 hr.     Compound         (mg/kg)   (mm Hg)     ______________________________________     Sodium p-aminobenzoate-N--                       30        8        6     L-arabinoside    300       14       12     Sodium p-aminobenzoate-N--                       30       23       23     D-glucoside      300       18       20     Sodium p-aminobenzoate-N--                       30        6        8     D-galactoside    300       13       14     Sodium p-aminobenzoate-N--                       30       16       20     D-mannoside      300       18       22     Control          --        -2*       2     ______________________________________      Note:      *Blood pressure was raised by 2 mmHg.

(3) Antitumour activity

Sarcoma 180 were transplanted subcutaneously into the right axillary of ICR-JCL mice at the rate of 1×10⁶ cells/mouse, and from after 24 hours of transplantation an aqueous solution of the active ingredient in sterilized physiological saline solution was orally administered every other day at a dose rate of 500 mg/kg, 10 times in all. On the 25th day of the transplantation, the nodular tumour(s) was extirpated and weighed.

The inhibition ratio (I.R.) (%) of the active ingredient was calculated by the following formula:

    (1-T/C)×100=I.R. (%)

wherein

T: mean weight of the tumour(s) in treated group of mice

C: mean weight of the tumour(s) in control group* of mice

The results of the test are shown in Table 7. As is seen in Table 7, all the active ingredients tested exhibited an antitumour activity.

                  TABLE 7     ______________________________________     Antitumourigenic activity against Sarcoma-180                             Inhibition     Compound                ratio (I.R. %)     ______________________________________     Sodium p-aminobenzoate-N--L-arabinoside                             52.7     Sodium p-aminobenzoate-N--D-glucoside                             15.9     Sodium p-aminobenzoate-N--D-galactoside                             44.1     Sodium p-aminobenzoate-N--D-mannoside                             29.0     ______________________________________      Note:      Amount of administration was 10 × 500 mg/kg p.o.

(4) Analgetic Activity

Determination by the mechanical stimulation method (by applying pressure)

Female ICR mice which showed a threshold value of pain of 50 to 80 mmHg when their tail base part was pressed by a pressure stimulation apparatus (made by Natsume Works, Japan) of Takagi and Kameyama were chosen as test animals, ten animals comprising a group.

After administering the active ingredient, the test was carried out as the time passes and the applied pressure and the time period until the animal showed a quasi-escaping reaction were determined to evaluate the analgetic activity of the active ingredient.

The results as shown in Table 8. As is seen in Table 8, the pressure applied on animals when the animal showed the quasi-escaping reaction was higher in animals to which the active ingredient had been applied than in animals not administered, and the time period from the biginning to the time point when the animal showed the reaction was longer in animals administered with the active ingredient than in animals not administered. Thus, the analgetic activity of the active ingredient was confirmed.

Determination by the chemical stimulation method

The active ingredient was orally administered by a group (ten animals) of female ICR mice of age of 5 to 6 weeks, and after 30 min of the administration an aqueous 0.6% acetic acid solution was intraperitoneally injected into the mouse at a dose rate of 0.1ml/10 g of body weight. The number of writhing motion which occurred in the mouse during 10 minutes after 10 minutes of intraperitoneal administration was recorded. The analgetic activity was evaluated from the writhing syndrome inhibiting ratio obtained by the following formula:

    (1-T/C)×100=writhing syndrome inhibiting ratio (%)

wherein

T: mean number of writhing syndrome in the group administered

C: mean number of writhing syndrome in the control group.

The results are shown in Table 9. As is seen in Table 9, every active ingredient of the phermaceutical composition of the present invention showed analgetic activity. The above-mentioned process was carried out following the method of Kostet et al. (1959)

                  TABLE 8     ______________________________________     Analgetic activity by the mechanical stimulation method                         Quasi-escape reaction                         pressure at time until                         (mmHg)  (sec.)     Compound              occurrence     ______________________________________     Sodium p-aminobenzoate-N--L-arabinoside                           102       47     Sodium p-aminobenzoate-N--D-glucoside                           89        41     Sodium p-aminobenzoate-N--D-galactoside                           76        40     Sodium p-aminobenzoate-N--D-mannoside                           95        39     Control               70        33     ______________________________________      Note:      Amount of administration, 1000 mg/kg p.o.

                  TABLE 9     ______________________________________     Analgetic activity by the chemical stimulation method     Compound                I.R. (%)     ______________________________________     Sodium p-aminobenzoate-N--L-arabinoside                             45.7     Sodium p-aminobenzoate-N--D-glucoside                             16.8     Sodium p-aminobenzoate-N--D-galactoside                             33.2     Sodium p-aminobenzoate-N--D-mannoside                             71.2     ______________________________________      Note:      Amount of administration was 1000 mg/kg p.o.

(5) Antipyretic activity

Following the method of Winter et al. (1961), a 20% suspension of beer yeast was subcutaneously injected to a group (consisting of 6 animals) of rats, and after 10 hours of fasting, the active ingredient was orally administered to the rats and their rectal temperature was determined.

The antipyretic activity is expressed by the ratio of inhibiting pyrexia due to beer yeast (I.R.%) at the time when the antipyretic activity of the active ingredient is at its maximum according to the following formula:

    Antipyretic activity=I.R.(%)=(C.sub.1 -T)/(C.sub.1 -C.sub.2)×100

wherein

T: mean rectal temperature of rats to which the active ingredient was administered.

C₁ : mean rectal temperature of rats injected beer yeast, without the active ingredient.

C₂ : mean rectal temperature of untreated rats (control)

The results are shown in Table 10. As is seen in Table 10, all the active ingredients exhibited a considerable antipyretic activity.

                  TABLE 10     ______________________________________     Antipyretic activity                           Antipyretic activity                           (suppressing pyrexia)     Compound              I.R. (%)     ______________________________________     Sodium p-aminobenzoate-N--L-arabinoside                           88.2     Sodium p-aminobenzoate-N--D-glucoside                           58.1     Sodium p-aminobenzoate-N--D-galactoside                           65.5     Sodium p-aminobenzoate-N--D-mannoside                           20.5     ______________________________________

(6) Antiinflammatory activity

(a) Carrageenin-edema inhibitory activity

Following the method of Van Arman et al. (1963), the active ingredient was forcibly and orally administered to each rat of a group consisting of 10 animals at the dose rate of 1000 mg/kg, and after one hour of the administration 0.1 ml of 1% suspension of carrageenin in physiological saline solution was injected to their right foot pad. The volume of the foot pad was determined as time passes and the antiinflammatory activity was expressed by the ratio of inhibition of the swelling of the foot pad due to carrageenin by the active ingredient, using the maximum determined value during 1 to 4 hours after the injection, and calculating by the following formula:

    (1-T/C)×100=I.R.(%)=antiinflammatory activity

wherein

T: mean value of volumes of planta in administered animals

C: mean value of volume of the foot pad of control (not administered and then injected)

The results are shown in Table 11. As is seen in Table 11, all the ingredients tested showed the inhibitory activity against the edema caused by carrageenin.

(b) Antigranuloma activity

Following the method of Winter et al. (1963), two cotton wool pellets were implanted into the skin of back of each rat of a group consisting of 6 rats at the symmetrical positions having the median line as the axis of symmetry, the weight of one pellet being 30±1 mg. Oral administration of 1000 mg/kg/day of the active ingredient was carried out for consecutive 7 days. On the 8th day, the granuloma formed in the rats was extirpated and weighed after drying. The antigranuloma activity expressed by the ratio of inhibition of the growth of the granuloma (I.R.,%) was calculated in a manner as shown in (6) (a), and the results are shown in Table 11. As is seen in Table 11, each active ingredient exhibited the inhibiting activity of growth of the granuloma.

(c) Antiexudation activity

Following the method of Baris et al. (1965), a volume of air was injected subcutaneously in the back of each rat of a group consisitng of 6 rats to make a air pouch, and then 0.5 ml of 1% croton oil solution is sesame oil was injected into the pouch. The oral administration of 1000 mg/kg/day of the active ingredient was then began to continue for 5 days. On the 6th day, the amount of exsudated liquid into the pouch was determined and the anti exsudation activity expressed by the ratio of inhibitory activity to exudation was calculated in a manner as shown in (6) (a). The results are shown in Table 11. As is seen in Table 11, all the active ingredient tested exhibited the anti-exsudation activity.

(d) Antiadjuvant-arthritis activity

Following the method of Fujiwara et al. (1971), Mycrobacterium tuberculosis suspended in liquid paraffin was injected subcutaneously into the right foot pad of each rat of a group consisting of 6 rats. After 14 days of the injection, rats with similar volume of the foot pad were chosen to form groups (10 animals/group), each active ingredient was orally administered daily from the 15th day for consecutive 7 days at the dose rate of 1000 mg/kg/day. The volume of the foot pad of rats was determined, and the antiadjuvant arthritis activity of each active ingredient was calculated as the ratio of inhibiting the swelling of the foot pad by using the formula shown in (6) (a). The results are shown in Table 11. As is seen in Table 11, all the tested active ingredient exhibited the antiadjuvant arthritis activity, especially sodium p-aminobenzoate-N-L-arabinoside giving a conspicous activity of I.R. of 35.2%.

                                      TABLE 11     __________________________________________________________________________     Antiinflammatory activity     Compound             *edema                              *granuloma                                    *exudation                                          *arthritis     __________________________________________________________________________     Sodium p-aminobenzoate-N--L-arabinoside                          38.3                              14.9  25.2  35.2     Sodium p-aminobenzoate-N--D-galactoside                          10.0                               5.1  13.2  15.6     Sodium p-aminobencoate-N--D-glucoside                           5.9                              18.6   6.2  20.5     Sodium p-aminobencoate-N--D-mannoside                           3.8                              29.9   5.0  30.5     __________________________________________________________________________      Note:      Amount of administration of the active ingredient = 1000 mg/kg/day

(7) Blood lipid reducing activity

Japanese male white rabbits were fed for about 3 months with solid feed (CR-1) containing 1% of cholesterol and those animals in which the increase of seral lipid component was confirmed were used as the model animals having experimental arteriosclerosis.

An aqueous solution of the active ingredient in distilled water was administered respectively at the dose rates of 30 and 300 mg/kg orally and after the administration, blood specimen was collected as time passes from the auricular vein and the change of total cholesterol (determined by the enzyme method), phospholipid (determined by the enzyme method) and beta-lipoprotein (determined by turbidmetry) in the serum was observed.

The results are shown in Table 12. In Table 12, the values of serum cholesterol (mean value of 550 mg/dl), of serum phospholipid (mean value of 320 mg/dl) and of serum beta-lipoprotein (mean value of 2500 mg/kg) before administration were respectively subtracted from the respective values after 3 and 6 hours of the administration, and only the differences are shown, respectively. Therefore, the minus value shows the decrease and the plus value shows the increase of the respective values due to the administration. As is clearly seen in Table 12, every active ingredient exhibited an activity of reducing the lipid components of serum as compared to control.

                                      TABLE 12     __________________________________________________________________________     Activity of reducing blood lipids                               Phospholipid                                      beta-Lipoprotein                                               Cholesterol                          Dose (mg/dl)                                      (mg/dl)  (mg/dl)     Compound             (mg/kg)                               3 hr.                                  6 hr.                                      3 hr.                                          6 hr.                                               3 hr.                                                   6 hr.     __________________________________________________________________________     Sodium p-aminobenzoate-N--D-mannoside                           30  -37                                  -43 -133                                          -142 -190                                                   -80                          300  -50                                  -75 -156                                          -183 -150                                                   -234     Sodium p-aminobenzoate-N--D-glucoside                           30  -25                                  -28 -115                                          -147  -52                                                   -50                          300  -31                                  -40 -127                                          -180  -55                                                   -60     Sodium p-aminobenzoate-N--D-galactoside                           30  -28                                  -34 -166                                          -142 -120                                                   -95                          300  -38                                  -47 -321                                          -182 -250                                                   -240     Sodium p-aminobenzoate-N--L-arabinoside                           30  -30                                  -37  -89                                           -71  -48                                                   -48                          300  -26                                  -51 -168                                          -195  -77                                                   -78     Control              --     0                                  -19   0  + 3  +8  -4     __________________________________________________________________________

Now, the formulation of the active ingredients to make the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is described below.

In the case where the phermaceutical composition is used as an antiinflammatory agent, it is able to use the phermaceutical composition in the form which is convenient to obtain the effectiveness according to the kinds and the symptoms of the disease, and moreover, the active ingredient may be used as itself or may be used as mixtures combined with any diluent allowable in pharmaceutical process and with other medicines.

The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is administered orally or parenterally and accordingly, the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may take any form optionally for the oral or parental administration.

The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may be offered as a form of unit administration. The form of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may be powder, granule, tablet, sugar-coated tablet, capsulated one, suppository, suspension, solution, emulsifiable concentrate, ampouled one, injection, etc. As a diluent, any one of solids, liquids and semisolids may be utilized, for instance, excipients, binders, wetting agents, disintegrating agents, surfactants, demulcents, dispersing agents, buffering agents, perfumes, preservatives, dissolution aids and solvents. Moreover, one or more than one of these adjuvants may be used in combination or in mixtures.

The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may be formulated by any known method, and the amount of the active ingredient contained in the composition (preparation) is generally from 0.01% to 100% by weight.

The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may be administered orally or parenterally to human or animals, however, it is preferably administered orally. Sublingual administration is included in oral administration. Parenteral administration includes subcutaneous-, intramuscular- and intravenous injection and the injection by drop method.

The dose of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention depends upon the age, the personal difference and the state of disease, and whether the object is human or animal and accordingly, an extraordinal amount may be administered than the following dose: Generally, for human, the oral dose is 0.1-1000 mg/kg body weight/day, preferably 1-500 mg/kg/day and the parenteral dose is 0.01-200 mg/kg/day, preferably 0.1-100 mg/kg/day divided into 1-4 parts, one part being administered in one time.

The followings are the more detailed explanation of the formulation and the production of the phermaceutical composition of the present invention in examples.

EXAMPLE 1 (Formulation)

10 parts by weight of one of the active ingredients of the present invention (Sodium p-aminobenzoate-N-L-arabinoside),

15 parts by weight of (heavy) magnesium oxide and

75 parts by weight of lactose were uniformly mixed and formulated into powder or granules. The powder is filled in capsules to be capsulated formulation.

EXAMPLE 2 (Formulation)

45 parts by weight of one of the active ingredients of the present invention (Sodium p-aminobenzoate-N-D-galactoside),

15 parts by weight of starch,

16 parts by weight of lactose,

21 parts by weight of crystalline cellulose,

3 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol and

30 parts by weight of water were uniformely mixed, crushed and formulated, and then dried and shifted to be granules.

EXAMPLE 3 (Formulation)

Granules were prepared as in Example 2, except using sodium p-aminobenzoate-N-D-glucoside instead of sodium p-aminobenzoate-N-D-galactoside, and the mixture of 96 parts by weight of this granule and 4 parts by weight of calcium stearate was compression-formulated to be tablets 10 mm in diameter.

EXAMPLE 4 (Formulation)

94 parts by weight of one of the active ingredients of the present invention (sodium p-aminobenzoate-N-L-glucoside),

6 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol and

30 parts by weight of water were mixed and the mixture was processed as in Example 2 to be granules. To 90 parts by weight of the thus processed granules 10 parts by weight of crystalline cellulose were mixed and the mixture was compression-formulated to be tablets 8 mm in diameter. The tablets were coated with syrup, gelatine and precipitated calcium carbonate to be coated tablets.

EXAMPLE 5 (Formulation)

0.6 part by weight of one of the active ingredients of the present invention (sodium p-aminobenzoate-N-D-galactoside),

2.4 parts by weight of an non-ionic surfactant and

97 parts by weight of physiological saline solution were mixed under heating and then the mixture was sterilized to be an injection.

EXAMPLE 6 (Production of p-aminobenzoic acid-N-L-arabionoside and its sodium salt)

A mixture of 4.6 g of p-aminobenzoic acid, 5.0 g of L-arabinose and 0.5 g of ammonium chloride was heated in 40 ml of 94% ethanol under a reflux condenser. After the reaction was over, crystalls separated out when the reaction mixture was kept in a refrigerator. The crystals thus obtained by filtering were washed with ether. The crystals repeatedly recrystallized from 50% methanol were colorless needles. Yield was 45.8%. In the case where ammonium sulfate was used for ammonium chloride, a similar result was obtained.

Thus obtained p-aminobenzoic acid-N-L-arabinoside was dissolved gradually into an aqueous 1% sodium hydroxide solution containing in total the amount of calculated sodium hydroxide and after filtering, the solution was condensed under reduced pressure. The crystalls which separated out by the addition of a large excess of acetone to the condensate was dehydrated and dried. Colorless crystals of sodium salt was obtained at the yield of 100%. The total yield from anthranilic acid was 45.8%.

EXAMPLE 7 (production of p-aminobenzoic acid-N-D-glucose and its sodium salt)

A mixture of 5 g of p-aminobenzoic acid, 6.4 g of D-glucose and 0.5 g of ammonium chloride was heated in 50 ml of 94% ethanol under a reflux condenser. After the reaction was over, the reaction mixture was condensed to about one third in volume and left in a cool place for a night to be a gel. After adding a small amount of water to the gel, and heating the mixture to obtain a solution, the solution was left in a refrigerator to separate crystalls. After collecting the crystals by filtration and washing the thus separated crystals with water, dilute ethanol and then with a small amount of ether, the crystals were recrystallixed from 50% methanol as colorless needles. The yield was 33.7%. In the case where ammonium sulfate was used for ammonium chloride in the above-mentioned reaction, a similar result was obtained.

By dissolving thus obtained crystals slowly into an aqueous 1% sodium hydroxide solution in stoichiometric proportions, and filtering the solution then condensing the filtrate and at last adding a large excess of acetone into the condensate, crystals separated out from the acetonic solution. After dehydration and drying, colorless crystals were obtained at the yield of 100% of the p-aminobenzoic acid-N-D-glucoside. Total yield from p-aminobenzoic acid was 33.7%.

EXAMPLE 8 (Production of p-aminobenzoic acid-N-D-galactoside and its sodium salt)

A mixture of 1.5 g of p-aminobenzoic acid, 2.0 g of D-galactose and 0.1 g of ammonium chloride was heated under a reflux condenser in 30 ml of 94% ethanol. After the reaction was over, the reactant was condensed under reduced pressure and left at a cool place to separate crystals. After filtration of the reactant and washing the collected crystals with water, dilute ethanol and then with a small amount of ether and further recrystallizing from methanol, colorless needle-like crystals were obtained as the yield of 18.1%.

Thus obtained crystals of p-aminobenzoic acid-N-D-galactoside were dissolved in an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution in stoichiometric proportions, and after filtration of the solution, and condensation of the filtrate under reduced pressure, a large excess of acetone was added to the condensate. The thus separated crystals were dehydrated and dried. Colorless crystals were obtained at the yield of 100% based on the p-aminobenzoic acid-N-D-galactoside and at the total yield of 18.1%.

EXAMPLE 9 (Production of p-aminobenzoic acid-N-D-mannoside and its sodium salt)

A mixture of 2.0 g of p-aminobenzoic acid, 3.0 g of D-mannose and 0.2 g of ammonium chloride was heated in 10 ml of ethanol for about one hour under a reflux condenser. After the reaction was over, the reactant was left at room temperature to separate crystals. After filtering the reactant and washing the collected crystals with water, dilute ethanol and then with a small amount of ether, the crystals were recrystallized from 50% methanol to form colorless needles at the yield of 56.1%. Thus obtained p-aminobenzoic acid-N-D-mannoside was slowly dissolved in a solution forded by dissolving 2.5 mg of sodium hydroxide into 2.5 ml of water. After filtering the solution and condensing the filtrate, a large excess of acetone was added to the condensate to obtain crystals. After dehydrating and drying the crystals, they were recrystallized from a mixed solvent consisting of 5 parts by volume of water and 1 part by volume of acetone to obtain colorless crystals of sodium p-aminobenzoate-N-D-mannoside at a yield of 95%, total yield from p-aminobenzoic acid being 95%. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A pharmaceutical composition in dosage unit form which comprises a dosage effective for the treatment of hyperglycemia, hypertension, hyperlipemia, inflammatory disease, pains due to the accentuation of central nerve and pyrexia due to accentuation of central nerve of a compound of the formula: ##STR4## wherein R¹ denotes one member selected from the group consisting of the residual groups formed by removing OH at 1(alpha) or 1(beta) position from arabinose, glucose and galactose, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and a carrier or a diluent therefor.
 2. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, wherein the compound is p-aminobenzoic acid-N-L-arabinoside.
 3. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, wherein the compound is sodium p-aminobenzoate-N-L-arabinoside.
 4. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, wherein the compound is p-aminobenzoic acid-N-D-glucoside.
 5. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, wherein the compound is sodium p-aminobenzoate-N-D-glucoside.
 6. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, wherein the compound is p-aminobenzoic acid-N-D-galactoside.
 7. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, wherein the compound is sodium p-aminobenzoate-N-D-galactoside.
 8. A method for the treatment of hyperglycemia, which comprises administering to an animal suffering from hyperglycemia, and effective amount of a compound of the formula: ##STR5## wherein R¹ denotes one member selected from the group consisting of the residual groups formed by removing OH at 1(alpha) or 1(beta) position from arabinose, glucose, galactose and mannose, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 9. The method according to claim 8 wherein said compound is p-aminobenzoic acid-N-L-arabinoside.
 10. The method according to claim 8 wherein said compound is sodium p-aminobenzoate-N-L-arabinoside.
 11. The method according to claim 8 wherein said compound is p-aminobenzoic acid-N-D-glucoside.
 12. The method according to claim 8 wherein said compound is sodium p-aminobenzoate-N-D-glucoside.
 13. The method according to claim 8 wherein said compound is p-aminobenzoic acid-N-D-galactoside.
 14. The method according to claim 8 wherein said compound is sodium p-aminobenzoate-N-D-galactoside.
 15. The method according to claim 8 wherein said compound is p-aminobenzoic acid-N-D-mannoside.
 16. The method according to claim 8 wherein said compound is sodium p-aminobenzoic-N-D-mannoside. 